Understanding Federalism in Canada: The Division of Powers between Federal & Provincial Governments

This paper introduces the key concept of federalism in Canadian politics. It provides a definition of federalism as the separation of power between two distinct levels of government and explains why it is used in Canada. Drawing from the Constitution, it outlines those responsibilities under federal versus provincial concern and the places where jurisdiction is less clear. It further explains how departments and ministries oversee policies and how they differ among governments. It concludes by drawing on case studies in Canadian politics that federalism plays a significant role in, like the response to COVID-19, climate action, healthcare, immigration, and public safety.