Understanding the Judicial System in Canada

This paper aims to explain the major aspects of the judicial system in Canada. It begins by looking at the judiciary on the federal level, discussing foundational documents like the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It explains Canada’s use of both civil and common law as well as how international treaties and customs interact with our legal system. Focusing on the proceedings of the legal system, it discusses key players in the judicial process (e.g., judges, lawyers, and prosecutors) as well as the various ways disputes can be resolved both in and outside of court. The report also takes a look at the courts at the provincial and territorial levels, explaining the major courts within each of Canada’s thirteen provinces and territories. It concludes with a list of resources, organized by province and territory, that those attempting to navigate the judicial system may use.